As an Ethyl Acetate Plant, share with you.
1. The esterification reaction is a reversible reaction. In order to increase
the yield of esters, the reaction must be made as far as possible to facilitate
the formation of esters. Generally, one of the reactants acid and alcohol is
made in excess. In industrial production, which excess is better depends on the
availability of raw materials, whether they are cheap, and whether they are easy
to recycle. In the laboratory, an excess of ethanol is generally used. The mass
fraction of ethanol should be high. It would be better if the ethanol with a
mass fraction of 95% could be replaced by absolute ethanol. The amount of
concentrated sulfuric acid used in the catalysis is very small. Generally, the
catalysis can be completed as long as the mass of sulfuric acid reaches 3% of
the mass of ethanol. However, in order to remove the water generated in the
reaction, the amount of concentrated sulfuric acid should be slightly
larger.
2. When preparing ethyl acetate, the reaction temperature should not be too
high. Keep it between 60°C and 70°C. When the temperature is too high,
impurities such as ether, sulfurous acid or ethylene will be produced. After the
liquid is heated to boiling, it should be heated with a small fire. A few pieces
of broken porcelain can be added to the test tube in advance to prevent the
liquid from bumping.
3. Do not extend the airway into the Na2CO3 solution to prevent the Na2CO3
solution from being poured into the test tube of the heated reactant due to
uneven heating. In addition, ethanol and acetic acid are very soluble in water,
which can cause back suction.
4. Concentrated sulfuric acid is used as both a catalyst and a water
absorbing agent.
5. The role of Na2CO3 solution is:
Ethyl Acetate Production Process
⑴ The function of saturated sodium carbonate solution is to condense the
ester vapor, reduce the solubility of the ester in water (facilitate layering),
remove the acetic acid mixed in ethyl acetate, and dissolve the ethanol mixed in
ethyl acetate.
⑵Na2CO3 can react with volatilized acetic acid to produce odorless sodium
acetate, which is convenient to smell the scent of ethyl acetate.
6. In order to facilitate the formation of ethyl acetate, the following
measures can be taken:
⑴ When preparing ethyl acetate, the reaction temperature should not be too
high.
⑵It is best to use glacial acetic acid and absolute ethanol. At the same
time, excessive ethanol is used.
⑶ The amount of concentrated sulfuric acid used for catalysis is very small,
but in order to remove the water generated in the reaction, the amount of
concentrated sulfuric acid is slightly more than that of ethanol.
⑷Use inorganic salt Na2CO3 solution to absorb the volatilized acetic
acid.
7. The reason why Na2CO3 cannot be used with alkali (NaOH): Although it can
also absorb acetic acid and ethanol, the alkali will catalyze the complete
hydrolysis of ethyl acetate, causing the experiment to fail.
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